Research Article
Synthesis and Determination of Active Acidic/Basic Sites on Zn Loaded Zeolite (ZSM-5) Catalyst & Its Role in Catalytic Reforming of Naphtha Using HPMR Reactor
Mohd Kamran Khan*,
Mohd Faizan Alam Siddiqui,
Navira Qayyum
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
23-33
Received:
23 June 2023
Accepted:
30 October 2023
Published:
8 December 2023
Abstract: The crystalline aluminosilicate ZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil) has a high Si to Al ratio. It is utilized as a catalytic support material. Zeolite has huge industrial applications. They are commonly employed as heterogeneous catalyst for hydrocarbon isomerization reactions in the petroleum sector. In general, zeolite is synthesized as a powder with low mechanical strength. Powdered ZSM-5 and binder (alumina) were combined, and glacial acetic acid (peptide agent) was added. Mix them thoroughly before loading them into the extruder to form the shape. After drying for one day to let the acetic acid drain, they were heated for eight hours and calcined to remove the liquid from the pores, which aids in the formation of pores/active sites. By mixing the ZnNO3 solution with the sample, the wet impregnation process is utilized to load Zn metal on extruded ZSM-5. Zn is chosen for loading because it favours cyclization and forming aromatic compounds. After many hours of such wet contact, the suspension evaporates, and the chemical is deposited randomly inside and outside the zeolite pores. Further heating and calcination are carried out. TPD (temperature-programmed desorption) of H/ZSM-5 is performed under catalyst characteristics. TPD of H/ZSM-5 reveals that it comprises primarily highly acidic sites with temperatures above 500°C. The prepared catalyst is employed in the naphtha reforming process in the HPMR (High-Pressure Micro Reactor) to produce BTX as the product.
Abstract: The crystalline aluminosilicate ZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil) has a high Si to Al ratio. It is utilized as a catalytic support material. Zeolite has huge industrial applications. They are commonly employed as heterogeneous catalyst for hydrocarbon isomerization reactions in the petroleum sector. In general, zeolite is synthesized as a powder with lo...
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Research Article
Polychlorinated Biphenyls Content in Surface Sediments from Dakar Coast (Senegal)
Dame Cisse,
Birame Ndiaye*,
Cheikh Tidiane Dione,
Ibrahima Diagne,
Momar Ndiaye,
Maoudo Hane,
Sitor Diouf,
Mame Mor Dione,
Abdoulaye Diop,
Maurice Millet
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
34-39
Received:
20 May 2023
Accepted:
12 June 2023
Published:
22 December 2023
Abstract: Surface sediments proceeding from the coast of Dakar (Senegal) were analyzed by Gas chromatography coupled with a Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) in order to evaluate the contamination of polychlorinated (PCB). After weighing, each mass is placed in a centrifugal tube with 10 ml of acetonitrile solvent solution (ACN) to separate the aqueous phase from the organic phase. The extraction phase with QUECHERS is followed by a purification with DSPE RESTEK salt. This salt is composed of 1.2 g MgSO4 + 400 mg PSA + 400 mg C18 for the separation of analytes. For GC-MS kiln storage, the temperature gradient is maintained from 50 to 330°C for 40 minutes with different slopes. PCB126 displays the lowest detection and quantification limits of 0.000639 and 0.001917 ng/g, respectively. PCB18 has the highest detection and quantification limits, with values of 0.01504 and 0.04512 ng/g, respectively. The result obtained show that the PCB dioxin likes are more important in sediment. The PCB-DL ranged 5.931 (Hann) to 25.752 µg/Kg (Ngor). The PCBi ranged 2.415 (Hann) to 4.284 µg/Kg (Soumbedioune) at the beach of Hann, the concentration of individual PCB ranged 0.007 (PCB118) to 5.073 µg/Kg (PCB167). At Soumbedioune, the individual PCB levels ranged 0.004 (PCB118) to 5.365 µg/Kg (PCB167) and at Ngor, the variation is 0.005 (PCB118) to 12.29 µg/Kg (PCB167). The analysis of principal components shows that two distinct groups which the same contamination profile whose elements have strong correlations 0.992 for PCB189-PCB101 and PCB189-PCB81.
Abstract: Surface sediments proceeding from the coast of Dakar (Senegal) were analyzed by Gas chromatography coupled with a Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) in order to evaluate the contamination of polychlorinated (PCB). After weighing, each mass is placed in a centrifugal tube with 10 ml of acetonitrile solvent solution (ACN) to separate the aqueous phase from th...
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